The strawberry poison frog (Dendrobates pumilio) is one of the most frequently seen charismatic creatures of the forest. The males call throughout the day in a sound that is like “eeh-eeh-eeh…”, which we’ve likened to winding a disposable camera, or the sound a sprinkler turning in a circle makes. Once I tuned into the sound, I am amazed at how frequently I hear it every day.
Of the three types of poison frogs here (in addition to the
strawberry, there are the green and black poison frogs and the striped
dart-poison frog), the strawberry poison frogs have one of the coolest
reproductive systems I have learned about. Granted, I know very little about
frogs. These tiny guys (only about 22 mm long) have biparental care- both males
and females take turns caring for the babies. After a courtship period, the female lays
eggs in a nest under the leaf litter and the male fertilizes them. The male
tends the eggs, keeping them moist and guards them from other males (who may
eat the eggs). Once the eggs hatch into tadpoles, they wiggle onto the female’s
back and she carries them to tiny water pools that collect in the base of
bromeliads or aroids (plants). She will deposit only one tadpole per pool, and returns every
few days to lay unfertilized eggs in the pools containing her young, which they
eat as they are maturing. Females are able to distinguish their own young, and
will not provide eggs to feed unrelated tadpoles, even if they exhibit “begging
behavior”. It takes between 43-52 days for tadpoles to transform into froglets,
and they do not become sexually mature for another 10 months.
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| J.P. holding a frog. They are tiny! |
Certain species of poison frogs have historically been used
by South American human cultures to create poison tipped darts. The darts are
rubbed across the back of a live frog, then used with blowguns. Not all of these frogs have been used to poison darts, though they are
all commonly referred to as poison dart frogs.
Fun facts for the day! It's a lot of fun to learn about the animals we are seeing and hearing everyday, and it makes me appreciate them that much more.
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| Green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus. Photo by J.P. Drury |
